South Carolina

People. Population {2003 est.): 4,147,152; rank: 25; net change (2002·2003): 1.1%. Pop. density: 137.7 par sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 67.2% white; 29.5% black; 0.9% Asian; 0.3% Native American/Nat. AK; <0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 1.0% other race; 2 or more races, 1.0%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 2.4%.

Geography. Total area: 32,020 sq mi; rank: 40. Land area: 30,109 sq mi; rank: 40. Acres forested: 12.5 mil. Location: South Atlantic state. bordered by North Carolina on the N; Georgia on the SW and W; the Atlantic Ocean on the E, SE. and S. Climate: humid subtropical. Topography: Blue Ridge province in NW has highest peaks; piedmont lies between the 

mountains and the fall line; coastal plain covers two-thirds of the state. Capital: Columbia.

Economy. Chief Industries: tourism, agriculture, manufacturing. Chief manuf. goods: textiles, chemicals and allied products, machinery and fabricated metal products, apparel and related products. Chief crops: tobacco, cotton, soybeans, corn. wheat, peaches. tomatoes. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 425.000 cattle/calves (Jan. 2003): 300,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec, 2003): 6.8 mil. chickens (excl. broilers); 197.4 mil. broilers. Timber/lumber (est. 2002): 1.4 bil bd. ft.; pine, oak. Nonfuel mlnerals (est. 2003}: $484 mil.; cement (portland), stone (crushed), cement (masonry), sand and gravel (construction), clays (kaolin). Commercial fishing (2002): $21.3 mil. Gross state product (2001): $115.2 bil. Principal internat. airports at: Charleston, Greenville/Spartanburg, Myrtle Beach. New private housing (2003). 36,733 units/$4.5 bil. Employment. distrib. (May 2004): 18.2% govt.; 19% trad/trans./util.; 14.7% mfg.; 10.1% ed./health serv.; 10.4% prof./bus serv.; 11.2% leisure/hosp.; 5.1% finance; 6.2% oonstr.; 1.4% info. Per cap. per.income(2003): $26,132. Sales tax (2004): 5.0%. Unemployment (2003): 6.8%. Tourism expends. (2002): $7.5 bil. Lottery (2003): total sales: $724.3 mil; net income: $220.1 mil.

Finance. FDlC·Insured commercial banks (2003): 75. Deposits: $24.7 bil. FDIC-insured savings institutions {2003): 22. Assets: $7 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar. 2003): 16,509. Avg. salary: $51,183. Notable fed. facilities: Polaris Submarine Base; Barnwell Nuclear Power Plant; Ft. Jackson; Paris island: Savannah River Plant.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by souce): Coal: 37.4 bil; Petroleum: 238 mil; Gas: 1.8 bil; Hydroelectric: 2.3 bil; Nuclear: 50.4 bil; Other: 22 mil.

State data. Motto: Dum Spiro Soero (While I breathe, I hope). Flower: Yellow jessamine. Bird: Carolina wren. Tree: Palmetto, Song: Carolina. Eighth of the original 13 states to rattify Constitution, May 23, 1788. State fair at Columbia; mid-Oct.

History. At the time of European settlement, Cherokee, Catawba, and Muskogean peoples lived in the area. The first English colonists settled near the Ashley River, 1670, and moved to the site of Charleston. 1780. The colonists seized the government, 1775, and the royal governor fled. The British took Chaneston, 1780, but were defeated at Kings Mountain that same year, and at Cowpens and Eutaw Springs, 1781. In the 1830s, South Carolinians, angered by federal protective tariffs, adopted the Nullification Doctrine, holding that a state can void an act of Congress. The state was the first to secede from the Union, 1860, and Confederate troops fired on and forced the surrender of U.S. troops at Ft. Summer, in Charleston Harbor, launching the Civil War. South Carolina was readmitted,1868.

Tourist attractions. Historic Charleston; Ft. Sumter Natl. Monument, in Charleston Harbor; Charleston Museum, est. 1773. oldest museum in U.S.; Middleton Place, Magnolia Plantation, Cypress Gardens, Drayton Hall, all near charleston; other gardens at Brookgreen. Edisto. Glencaim; Myrtle

Beach; Hilton Head island; Revolution War battle sites; Andrew Jackson State  & Museum; South Carolina state Museum, Columbia; Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia.

Famous South Carolinians. Charles Bolden, James F.

Bymes, John C. Calhoun, Joe Fraizer, DuBose Heyward, Ernest F. HolIings, Andrew Jackson, Jesse Jackson