South Carolina

People. Population {2003 est.): 4,147,152; rank: 25; net change (2002·2003): 1.1%. Pop. density: 137.7 par sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 67.2% white; 29.5% black; 0.9% Asian; 0.3% Native American/Nat. AK; <0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 1.0% other race; 2 or more races, 1.0%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 2.4%.

Geography. Total area: 32,020 sq mi; rank: 40. Land area: 30,109 sq mi; rank: 40. Acres forested: 12.5 mil. Location: South Atlantic state. bordered by North Carolina on the N; Georgia on the SW and W; the Atlantic Ocean on the E, SE. and S. Climate: humid subtropical. Topography: Blue Ridge province in NW has highest peaks; piedmont lies between the 

mountains and the fall line; coastal plain covers two-thirds of the state. Capital: Columbia.

Economy. Chief Industries: tourism, agriculture, manufacturing. Chief manuf. goods: textiles, chemicals and allied products, machinery and fabricated metal products, apparel and related products. Chief crops: tobacco, cotton, soybeans, corn. wheat, peaches. tomatoes. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 425.000 cattle/calves (Jan. 2003): 300,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec, 2003): 6.8 mil. chickens (excl. broilers); 197.4 mil. broilers. Timber/lumber (est. 2002): 1.4 bil bd. ft.; pine, oak. Nonfuel mlnerals (est. 2003}: $484 mil.; cement (portland), stone (crushed), cement (masonry), sand and gravel (construction), clays (kaolin). Commercial fishing (2002): $21.3 mil. Gross state product (2001): $115.2 bil. Principal internat. airports at: Charleston, Greenville/Spartanburg, Myrtle Beach. New private housing (2003). 36,733 units/$4.5 bil. Employment. distrib. (May 2004): 18.2% govt.; 19% trad/trans./util.; 14.7% mfg.; 10.1% ed./health serv.; 10.4% prof./bus serv.; 11.2% leisure/hosp.; 5.1% finance; 6.2% oonstr.; 1.4% info. Per cap. per.income(2003): $26,132. Sales tax (2004): 5.0%. Unemployment (2003): 6.8%. Tourism expends. (2002): $7.5 bil. Lottery (2003): total sales: $724.3 mil; net income: $220.1 mil.

Finance. FDlC·Insured commercial banks (2003): 75. Deposits: $24.7 bil. FDIC-insured savings institutions {2003): 22. Assets: $7 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar. 2003): 16,509. Avg. salary: $51,183. Notable fed. facilities: Polaris Submarine Base; Barnwell Nuclear Power Plant; Ft. Jackson; Paris island: Savannah River Plant.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by souce): Coal: 37.4 bil; Petroleum: 238 mil; Gas: 1.8 bil; Hydroelectric: 2.3 bil; Nuclear: 50.4 bil; Other: 22 mil.

State data. Motto: Dum Spiro Soero (While I breathe, I hope). Flower: Yellow jessamine. Bird: Carolina wren. Tree: Palmetto, Song: Carolina. Eighth of the original 13 states to rattify Constitution, May 23, 1788. State fair at Columbia; mid-Oct.

History. At the time of European settlement, Cherokee, Catawba, and Muskogean peoples lived in the area. The first English colonists settled near the Ashley River, 1670, and moved to the site of Charleston. 1780. The colonists seized the government, 1775, and the royal governor fled. The British took Chaneston, 1780, but were defeated at Kings Mountain that same year, and at Cowpens and Eutaw Springs, 1781. In the 1830s, South Carolinians, angered by federal protective tariffs, adopted the Nullification Doctrine, holding that a state can void an act of Congress. The state was the first to secede from the Union, 1860, and Confederate troops fired on and forced the surrender of U.S. troops at Ft. Summer, in Charleston Harbor, launching the Civil War. South Carolina was readmitted,1868.

Tourist attractions. Historic Charleston; Ft. Sumter Natl. Monument, in Charleston Harbor; Charleston Museum, est. 1773. oldest museum in U.S.; Middleton Place, Magnolia Plantation, Cypress Gardens, Drayton Hall, all near charleston; other gardens at Brookgreen. Edisto. Glencaim; Myrtle

Beach; Hilton Head island; Revolution War battle sites; Andrew Jackson State  & Museum; South Carolina state Museum, Columbia; Riverbanks Zoo, Columbia.

Famous South Carolinians. Charles Bolden, James F.

Bymes, John C. Calhoun, Joe Fraizer, DuBose Heyward, Ernest F. HolIings, Andrew Jackson, Jesse Jackson

Virginia

People. Population (2003 est.): 7,386,330; rank: 12; net change (2002-2003): 1.4%. Pop. density: 186.6 per sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 72.3% white; 19.5% black: 3.7% Asian; 0.3% Native American/Nat. AK; 0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 2.0% other race; 2 or more races, 2.0%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 4.7%.

Geography. Total area: 42,774 sq mi; rank: 35. Land area: 39,594 sq mi; rank: 37. Acres forested: 16.1 mil. Location: South Atlantic state bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the E and surrounded by North Carolina, Tennessee. Kentucky, West Virginia, and Maryland. Climate: mild and equable. Topography: mountain and valley region in the W, including the

Blue Ridge Mts.; rolling piedmont plateau; tidewater. or coastal plain, including the eastern shore. Capital: Richmond.

Economy. Chief industries: services, trade. govemment, manufacturing, tourism, agriculture. Chief manuf. goods: food processing, transportation equipment, printing, textiles, electronic & electrical equipment, industrial machinery & equipment, lumber & wood products, chemicals, rubber & plastics, furniture. Chief crops: tobacco, grain corn, soybeans, winter wheat, peanuts, lint & seed cotton. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 1.54 mil. cattle/calves; 55,000 sheep/lambs; (Jan. 2003): 370,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 4.5 mil. chickens (excl. broilers); 265.1 mil. broilers. Timber/lumber (est. 2002): 1.5 bil bd. ft.; pine and hardwoods. Nonfuel minerals (est. 2003): $727 mil.; stone {crushed). cement (portland), sand and gravel (construction), lime, clays (fuIler‘s earth). Commercial fishing (2002): $123.3 mil. Chief ports: Hampton Roads. Richmond, Alexandria. Principal internat. airports at: Arlington, Norfolk, Loudon, Richmond, Newport News. New private housing (2003): 56,951 units/$6.9 bil. Gross state product (2001); $273.1 bil. Employment distrib. (May 2004): 18.1% govt.; 18.1% trade/trans./util.; 8.3% mfg.; 10.5%.ed./health serv.; 16% prof./bus serv.; 8.9% leisure/hosp.; 5.3% finance; 6.5% constr.; 2.8% info. Per cap. pers. income (2003): $33.571. Sales tax (2004): 4.5%. Unemployment (2003): 4.1%. Tourism expends. (2002): $13.7 bil. Lottery (2003); total sales: $1.1 bil; net income: 75.2 mil.

Finance. FDlC-insured commercial banks (2003):125. Deposits: $72.5 bil. FDIC-insured savings institutions (2003): 16. Assets: $74 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar. 2003): 116,012. Avg. salary: $63,523. Notable fed. facilities: Pentagon; Norfolk Naval Sta., Shipyard; Marine Corps Base; Langley AFB; NASA Langley Res. Ctr.; CIA George Bush Ctr. for Intelligence, Langley; Quantico USMC Base; FBI Academy (Quantico); Dahlgren Nav. Surface Warfare Ctr. & Lab: USDA food and Nutrition Serv., U.S. Geological Survey Natl. Ctr.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by source); Coal: 29.6 bil; Petroleum; 5.0 bil; Gas: 2.3 bil; Hydroelectric: 212 mil; Nuclear: 24.8 bil.

State data. Motto: Sic Semper Tyrannis (Thus always to tyrants). Flower: Dogwood. Bird: Cardinal.Tree:Dogwood. Song Emeritus: Carry Me Back to Old Virginia. Tenth of the original 13 states to ratify the Constitution,  June 25, 1788. State fair at Richmond; late Sept.-early Oct.

History. Living in the area at the time of European contact were the Cherokee and Susquehanna and the Algonquians of the Powhatan Confederacy. English settlers founded Jamestown, 1607. Virginians took over much of the government from royal governor Dunmore, 1775, forcing him to flee. Virginians under George Rogers Clark freed the Ohio-Indiana-Illinois area of British forces. Benedict Arnold burned Richmond and Petersburg for the British, 1781. That same year, Britains Cornwallis was trapped at Yorktown and surrendered, ending the American Revolution. Virginia seceded from the Union, 1861, and Richmond became the capital of the Confederacy. Hampton Roads, off the Virginia coast, was the site of the famous naval battle of the US Monitor and CSS Verginia (Merrimac), 1862. Virginia was readmitted, 1870.

Vermont

People. Population (2003 est.): 619,107; rank: 49; net change (2002-2003); 0.4%. Pop. density: 66.9 per sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 96.8% white; 0.5% black; 0.9% Asian; 0.4% Native American/Nat. AK; <0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 0.2% other race; 2 or more races. 1.2% Hispanic pop. (any race): 0.9%.

Geography. Total area: 9,614 sq mi; rank: 45. Land area: 9,250 sq mi; rank: 43. Acres forested: 4.6 mil. Location: northern New England state. Climate: temperate, with considerable temperature extremes; heavy snowfall in mountains. Topography: Green Mts. N-S backbone 20-36 mi wide; avg. altitude 1,000 ft. Capital: Montpelier.

Economy. Chief Industries: manufacturing, tourism, agriculture, trade, finance, insurance, real estate, government, Chief manuf. goods: machine tools, furniture, scales, books, computer components, speciality foods. Chief crops: dairy products, apples, maple syrup, greenhouse/nursery, vegetables and small fruits. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 285,000 cattle/calves; (Jan. 2003): 2,100 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 199,000 chickens {excl. broilers). Timber/lumber (est. 2002): 206 mil bd. ft.; pine, spruce, fir, hemlock. Nonfuel minerals (est. 2003): $73 mil.; stone dimension). stone (crushed], sand apd

gravel (construction), talc (crude), gemstones. Principal internat. airport at: Burlington. New private housing (2003): 2,792 units/$372 mil. Gross state product (2001): $19.1 bil. Employment distrib. (May 2004): 18% govt.; 19.2% trade/trans./util.; 12.3% mfg.; 18% ed./health serv.; 6.9% prof./bus serv.; 9.9% leisure/hosp.; 4.4% finance; 5.3% constr.; 2.2% info. Per cap. pers. income (2003): $30,740. Sales tax (2004): 6.0%. Unemployment (2003): 4.6%. Tourism expends. (2002): $1.3 bil. Lottery (2003): total sales: $79.4 mil; net income: $16.2 mil.

Finance, FDIC-Insured commercial banks (2003): 14. Deposits: $5.4 bil. FDIC-Insured savings Institutions (2003): 5. Assets: $1.2 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar.2003): 3,586. Avg. salary: $49,044.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by source): Gas: 2 mil; Hydroelectric; 342 mil; Other: 234 mil.

State data. Motto: Freedom and unity. Flower: Red clover. Bird: Hermit thrush. Tree: Sugar maple. Song: These Green Mountains. Entereded union Mar. 4, 1791; rank, 14th. State fair at Rutland; early Sept.

History. Before the arrival of the Europeans, Abnaki and Mahicah peoples lived in the region. Champlain explored the lake that bears his name, 1609. The first American settlement was Ft. Dummer, 1724, near Brattleboro. During the American Revolution, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys captured Ft. Ticonderoga (NY), 1775; John Stark defeated part of Burgoyne’s forces near Bennington, 1777. In the War of 1812, Thomas MacDonough defeat a British fleet on Lake Champlain off Plattsburgh (NY), 1814.

Tourist attractions. Shelburne Museum; Rock of Ages Quarry, Graniteville; Vermont Marble Exhibit, Proctor; Bennington Battle Monument; Pres. Calvin Coolidge homestead, Plymouth; Maple Grove Maple Museum, St. Johnsbury: Ben & Jerry‘s Factory, Waterbury.

Famous Vermonters. Ethan Allen, Chester A. Arthur, Calvin Coolidge, Howard Dean, John Deere, George Dewey, John Dewey, Stephen A. Douglas, Dorothy Canfield Fisher, James Fisk, James Jeffords, Rudy Vallee.

Chamber of Commerce. PO Box 37, Montpelier, VT 05601. Tourist information. Vermont Dept. of Tourism and Marketting, 6 Baldwin St., Drawer 33, Montpelier, VT 05633-1301; 1·800·VERMONT. Website: www.vermontvacation.com

Website: www.vermont.gov

Utah

People. Population (2003 est.): 2,351,457; rank: 34; net change (2002-2003); 1.4%. Pop. density: 28.6 per sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 89.2% white; 0.8% black; 1.7% Asian; 1.3% Native Americani/Nat. AK; 0.7% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 4.2% other race; 2 or more races. 2.1%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 9.0%.

Geography. Total area: 84,899 so mi; rank: 13. Land area: 82,144 sq mi; rank: 12. Acres forested: 15.7 mil. Locatlon: Middle Rocky Mountain state; its southe astern corner touches Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, and is the only spot in the U.S. where 4 states join. Climate: arid; ranging from warm desert in SW to alpine in NE. Topography: high Colorado plateau is cut by brilliantly colored canyons of the SE; broad, flat, desert-like Great Basin of the W; the Great Salt Lake and Bonneville Salt Flats tothe NW; Middle Rockies in the NE run E-W; valleys and plateaus of the Wasatch Front. Capital: Salt Lake City.

Economy. Chief Industries: services, trade, manufacturing, government, transportation, utilities. Chiet manuf. goods: medical instruments, electronic components, food products, fabricated metals, transportation equipment, steel and copper. Chief crops: hay, corn, wheat, barley, apples, potatoes, cherries, onions, peaches, pears. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 860,000 cattle/calves; 265,000 sheep/lambs; (Jan. 2003): 660,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 3.9 mil. chickens (excl. broilers). Timber/lumber (est. 2002): 53 mil bd. ft.; aspen, spruce, pine. Nonfuel minerals (est. 2003): $1.3 bil.; copper, cement {portland}, salt gold, sand and gravel (construction}. Commercial fishing (2002}: $60.2 mil. Principal internat. airport at: Salt Lake City. New private housing (2003): 22,226 units/$2.9 bil. Gross state product (2001): 70.4 bil. Employment distrib. (May 2004): 18.5% govt.; 19.9% trade./trans./util.; 10.4% mfg.; 10.9% ed./hea|th serv.; 12.5% prof./bus serv.; 9.2% leisure/hosp.; 5.9% finance; 5.4% constr.; 2.7% info. Per cap. pers. income (2003): $24,977. Sales tax (2004): 4.75%. Unemployment (2003): 5.6%. Tourism expends. (2002): $4.1 bil.

Finance. FDIC-insured commercial banks (2003): 60. Deposits: $107.8 bil. FDIC-insured savings institutions (2003): 4. Assets: $1.6 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar. 2003): 27,422. Avg. salary: $47,871. Notable fed. facilities: Hill AFB; Tooele Army Depot; Army Dugway Proving Ground.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by source); Coal: 35.6 bil; Gas: 1.3 bil; Hydroelectric: 475 mil; Other: 198 mil.

State data. Motto: lndustry. Flower: Sego lily. Bird: Seagull. Tree: Blue spruce. Song: Utah. We Love Thee. Entered union Jan. 4, 1896; rank, 45th. State fair at Salt Lake City; Sept.

History. Ute, Gosiute. Southern Paiute. and Navajo peoples lived in the region at the time of European contact. Spanish Franciscans visited the area. !776; American fur traders followed. Permanent settlement began with the arrival of the Mormons, 1847; they made the arid land bloom and created a prosperous economy. The State of Desert was organized in 1849, and asked admission to the Union. ln 1850, Congress established the region as the territory of Utah, and Brigham Young was appointed governor. The Union Pacific and Central Pacific

Texas

People. Population (2003 est.): 22,118.509; rank: 2; net change (2002-2003); 1.8%. Pop. density: 84.5 per sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 71.0% white; 11.5% black; 2.7% Asian; 0.6% Native American/Nat. AK; 0.1 % Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 11.7% other race; 2 or more races, 2.5%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 32.0%.

Geography. Total area: 268,581 sq mi; rank: 2. Land area: 261,797 sq mi; rank: 2. Acres forested: 17.1 mil. Location: Southwestem state, bounded on the SE by the Gulf of Mexico; on the SW by Mexico, separated by the Rio Grande; surrounding states are Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. Climate: extremely varied; driest region is the TransPecos; wettest is the NE. Topography: Gulf Coast Plain in the S and SE; North Central plains slope upward with some hills; the Great Plains extend over the Panhandle are broken by low mountains; the Trans-Pecos is the southern extension of the Rockies. Capital: Austin.

Economy. Chief industries: manufacturing, trade, oil and gas extraction, services. Chief manuf. goods: industrial machinery and equipment, foods, electrical and electronic products, chemicals and allied products, apparel. Chief crops: cotton, grains (wheat), sorghum grain, vegetables, citrus and other fruits, greenhouse/nursery, pecans, peanuts. Chief farm products: milk, eggs Livestock; {Jan. 2004) 13.9 mil. cattle/calves; 1.1 mil. sheep/lambs; (Jan. 2003): 930,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 26.0 mil. chickens (excl. broilers); 601.5 mil. broilers. Tlmber/lumber (est. 2002): 1.6 bil. bd. ft.; pine, cypress. Nonfuel minerals (est. 2003): $2.0 bil.; cement (portland), stone (crushed), sand and gravel (construction),lime, salt. Commercial fishing (2002); $173.3 mil. Chief ports: Houston, Galveston, Brownsville, Beaumont, Port Arthur, Corpus Christi. Principal internat. airports at: Amarillo, Austin, Corpus Christi, DaIlas/'Ft. Worth, EI Paso. Har1ingen. Houston, Lubbock, Odessa, San Antonio. New private housing {2003); 174,170 units/$19.4 bil. Gross state product (2001): $763.9 bil. Employment distrib. (May 2004); 17.7% govt.; 20.4% trade/trans./lutil.; 9.3% mfg.; 12.2% ed./health serv.; 11.1% prof/bus serv.; 9.4% leisure/hosp.; 6.2% finance; 5.8% constr.; 2.4% info. Per cap. pers. income (2003): $29,372. Sales tax (2004): 6.25%. Unemployment (2003): 6.8%. Tourism expends. (2002): $34.2 bil. Lottery (2003): total sales: $3.1 bil; net income: $949.1 mil.

Finance. FDIC-insured commercial banks {2003): 654. Deposits: $112.8 bil. FDIC-insured savings Institutions (2003): 44. Assets: $63.7 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. clv. employees (Mar. 2003): 106,501. Avg. salary: $53,074. Notable fed. facilities: Ft. Hood, Kelly AFB; Ft. Sam Houston; NASA Johnson Space Ctr.; Naval Air Training School; Corpus Christi NAS; Kingsville NAS; Ft. Worth Western Currency Facility.

Energy. Electricity production {est. 2003, kWh by source); coal: 92.9 bil; Petroleum: 1 bil.; Gas: 35.6 bil; Hydroelectric: 796 mil; Nuclear: 15.7 bil; Other: 2 mil.

State data. Motto: Friendship. Flower: Bluebonnnet. Bird: Mockingbird. Tree: Pecan. Song: Texas, Our Texas. Entered union Dec. 29, 1845; rank, 28th. State fair at Dallas; late Sept.-mid-Oct.

History. At the time of European contact. Native American tribes in the region were numerous and diverse in culture. Coahuiltecan, Karankawa, Caddo, Jumano, and Tonkawa peoples lived in the area, and during the 19th cent. the Apache, Comanche, Cherokee, and Wichita arrived. Spanish explorer Pineda sailed along the Texas coast, 1 519: Cebeza de Vaca and Coronado visited the interior, 1541, Spaniards made the first settlement at Ysleta, near El Paso, 1682. Americans moved into the land early in the 19th cent. Mexico, of which Texas was a part, won independence from Spain, 1821; Santa Anna became dictator in 1835; Texans rebelled. Santa Anna wiped out defenders of the Alamo, 1836; Sam Houston’s Texans defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto, and independence was proclaimed that same year. The Republic of Texas, with Sam Houston as its first president, functioned as a nation until 1845, when it was admitted to the Union.

Tourist attractions. Padre Island Natl. Seashore; Big Bend, Guadalupe Mts. natl. parks; The Alamo; Ft. Davis; Six Flags Amusement Park; Sea World and Fiesta Texas, both in San Antonio; San Antonio Missions Natl. Historical Park: Cowgirl Hall of fame. Fort Worth; l.yndon B. Johnson Natl. Historical Park, marking his birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch, near Johnson City; Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum, Austin; Texas State Aquarium, Corpus Christi; Kimball Art Museum. Fort Worth; George Bush Library, College Station.

Famous Texans. Lance Armstrong, Stephen F. Austin, Lloyd Bentsen, James Bowie, Carol Burnett, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush. Joan Crawford. J. Frank Dobie. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Morgan Fairchild, Farrah Fawcett, Sam Houston, Howard Hughes, Kay Bailey Hutchison, Molly Ivins, Lyndon B. Johnson, Tommy Lee Jones, Janis Joplin, Barbara Jordan, Mary Martin, Chester Nimitz, Sandra Day O'Connor. H. Ross Perot. Katherine Ann Porter. Dan Rather, Sam Rayburn, Ann Richards, Sissy Spacek, Kenneth Stan, George Strait.

Tourist information. Travel Division, Texas Dept. of Transportation, PO Box 149249, Austin, TX 78714-9249; 1-800-8888TEX. Website: www.traveltex.com Website. www.state.tx.us

West Virginia

People. Population (2003 est.): 1,810,354; rank: 37; net change (2002-2003): 0.3%. Pop. density: 75.2 per sq mi. Racial distribution {2000): 95.0% white; 3.2% black; 0.5% Asian; 0.2% Native American/Nat. AK; <0.1% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 0.2% other race; 2 or more races. 0.9%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 0.7%.

Geography. Total area: 24,230 sq mi; rank: 41. Land area: 24,078 sq mi; rank: 41. Acres forested: 12.1 mil. Location: South Atlantic state bounded on the N by Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland; on the S and W by Virginia, Kentucky. Ohio; on the E by Maryland and Virginia. Climate: humid continental climate except for marine modification in the lower panhandle. Topography: ranging from hilly to mountainous: Allegheny Plateau in the W, covers two-thirds of the state; mountains here are the highest in the state, over 4.000 ft. Capital: Charleston.

Economy. Chief industries: manufacturing, services, mining, tourism. Chief manuf. goods: machinery, plastic & hardwood prods., fabricated metals, chemicals, aluminum, automotive parts, steel. Chief crops: apples, peaches, hay, tobacco, corn, wheat, oats. Chief farm products: dairy products, eggs, Livestock (Jan. 2004) 380,000 cattle/calves; 34,000 sheep/lambs: (Jan. 2003): 10,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 2.1 mil. chickens (excl. broilers): 87.2 mil. broilers. Tlmber/lumber (est. 2002): 724 mil bd. ft.; oak, yellow poplar, hickory, walnut, cherry, Nonfuel mlnerals (est. 2003): $168 mil.; stone (crushed), cement (portland), sand and gravel (industrial}, lime, salt. Chief port: Huntington. New private housing (2003): 4,584 units/$580 mil. Gross state product (2001): $42.4 bil. Employment distrlb. (May 2004): 19.7% govt.; 18.5% trade/trans./util.; 8.8% mfg.; 14.7% ed./heaIth serv.; 7.7% prof./bus serv.; 9.3% leisure/hosp.; 4.2% finance; 4.6% constr.; 1.7% info. Per cap. pers. Income (2003): $24.379. Sales tax (2004): 6.0%. Unemployment (2003): 6.1%. Tourism expends. (2002): 1.8 bil. lottery (2003): total sales; $1.08 bil.; net income: $411 mil.

Finance. FDIC-insured commercial banks (2003): 67. Deposits: $13.5 bil. FDIC-Insured savings institutions (2003): 7. Assets: $1.2 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. clv. employees (Mar. 2003): 12,625. Avg. salary: $52,931. Notable fed. facilities: Natl. Radio Astronomy Observatory; Bureau of Public Debt Bldg.; Harpers Ferry Natl. Part; Correctional Institution for Women; FBl identification Ctr. Energy Electricity production (est. 2003. kWh by source): caol: 63.5 bil; Petroleum: 210 mil: Gas: 4 mil; Hydroelectric: 323 mil: Other: 21 mil. State data. Motto: Montani Semper Liberi (Mountaineers are always free0. Flower: Big rhododendron. Bird: Cardinal. Tree: Sugar maple. Songs: The West Virginia Hills: This is My West Virginia; West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home. Entered union June 20, 1863; rank, 35^th. State fair at Lewisburg (Fairlea); late Aug. 

Washington

People. Population (2003 est.); 6,131,445; rank: 15; net change (2002-2003); 1.1%. Pop. density: 92.1 per sq mi. Racial distribution (2000): 81.8% white; 3.2% black; 5.5% Asian; 1.6% Native American/Nat. AK; 0.4% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; 3.9% other race; 2 or more races, 3.6%. Hispanic pop. (any race): 7.5%.

Geography. Total area: 71,300 sq mi; rank: 18. Land area: 66,544 sq mi; rank: 20. Acres forested: 21.8 mil. Location: Pacific state bordered by Canada on the N; Idaho on the E; Oregoh on the S; and the Pacific Ocean on the W. Climate: mild, dominated by the Pacific Ocean and protected by the Cascades. Topography: Olympic Mts. on NW peninsula; open land along coast to Columbia R.; flat terrain of Puget Sound Lowland; Cascade Mts. region's high peaks to the E; Columbia Basin in central portion; highlands to the NE; mountains to the SE. Capital: Olympia.

Economy. Chief Industries: advanced technology, aerospace, biotechnology, intl. trade, forestry, tourism, recycling, agriculture & food processing. Chief manuf. goods: computer software, aircraft, pulp & paper, lumber and plywood, aluminum, processed fruits and vegetables, machinery,

electronics. Chief crops: apples, potatoes, hay, farm forest products. Livestock (Jan. 2004) 1.12 mil. cattle/calves; 46,000 sheep/lambs: (Jan. 2003): 24,000 hogs/pigs; (Dec. 2003): 6.2 mil. chickens (excl. broilers). 'I'lmber/lumber (est. 2002): 4.9 mil bd. ft.; Douglas fir, hemlock, cedar, pine. Nonfuel minerals (est. 2003): $430 mil.; sand and gravel (construction), cement (Portland), stone (crushed), diatomite, lime, Commercial fishing (2002): $145.0 mil. Chief ports: Seattle, Tacoma, Vancouver, Kelso-Longview. Principal internat. airports at: Seattle/Tacoma, Spokane, Boeing Field. New private housing (2003): 43,580 units/$6.3 bil. Gross state product (2001): $223.0 bil. Employment distrib. (May 2004): 19.8% govt.; 19.1% trade/trans./util.; 9.6% mfg.; 11.8% ed./health serv.; 11.1% prof./bus serv.; 9.3% leisure/hosp.; 5.8% finance; 6% oonstr.; 3.5% info. Per cap. pers. income (2003): $33,332. Sales tax (2004): 6.5%. Unemployment (2003): 7.5%. Tourism expends. (2002): $8.4 bil. Lottery (2003): total sales; $460,4 mil; net income: $98.5 mil. Finance. FDIC-Insured commercial banks (2003): 78. Deposits: $20.6 bil. FDIC-insured savings Institutions (2003): 22. Assets: $52.1 bil.

Federal govt. Fed. civ. employees (Mar. 2003): 45,767. Avg. salary: $55,498.Notable fed. faclities: Bonneville Power Admin.; Ft. Lewis; McChord AFB; Hanford Nuclear Reservation Bremerton Naval Shipyards Naval Sub Base, Bangor; Naval Sta., Everett: Pacific Northwest Natl. Lab.

Energy. Electricity production (est. 2003, kWh by source): Petroleum: 8 mil; Gas: 2.2 bil; Hydroelectric: 70.1 bil; Nuclear: 7.6 bil; Other: 490 mil.

State data. Motto: Alki (By and by). Flower: Western rhhdodendron. Bird: Willow goldfinch. Tree: Western hemlock. Song: Washington, My Home. Entered union Nov. 11, 1889; rank, 42nd. State fairs: 5 area fairs, in Aug. and Sept.; no state fair.

History. At the time of European contact, many Native American tribes lived in the area, including the Nez Perce, Spokan, Yakima, Cayuse, Okanogan, Walla Walla, and Colville peoples, who lived in the interior region, and the Nooksak, Chinook, Nisqually. Clallam, Makah, Quinault, and Puyallup peoples, who inhabited the coastal area. Spain's Bruno Hezeta sailed the coast. 1775. In 1792, British naval officer George Vancouver mapped Puget Sound area, and that same year, American Capt. Robert Gray sailed up the Columbia River. Canadian fur traders set up Spokane House, 1810. Americans under John Jacob Astor established a post at Ft. Okanagan, 1811, and missionary Marcus Whitman settled near Walla Walla, 1836. Final agreement on the border of Washington and Canada was made with Britain, 1846, and Washington became part of the Oregon Territory. 1848. Gold was discovered. 1855.

Tourist attractions. Seattle Waterfront. Seattle Center and Space Needle, Museum of Flight, Underground Tour, all Seattle; Mt. Rainier, Olympic, and North Cascades natl. parks; Mt. St. Helens; Puget Sound; San Juan Islands: Grand Coulee Dam; Columbia R. Gorge Natl. Scenic Area; Spokane's River front Park.

Famous Washingtonians. Raymond Carver, Kurt Cobain, Bing Crosby, William O. Douglas, Bill Gates, Jimi Hendrix, Henry M. Jackson, Gary Larson, Mary McCarthy, Robert Motherwell, Edward R. Murrow. Theodore Roethke, Ann Rule, Hilary Swank, Julia Sweeney, Adam West, Marcus Whitman, Minoru Yamasaki.

Tourist Information. WA State Tourism, 128 10^th Ave. SW. Olympia, WA 98504; 1-800-544-1800. Website: www.tourism.wa.gov

Website. access.wa.gov